The use of economic sanctions in international relations: between legality and instrumentalisation

Abstract

The use of economic sanctions in international relations constitutes a legal instrument recognised and governed by universal and regional norms. These measures rely on political and judicial institutions that ensure their adoption, monitoring and oversight. However, their application reveals a high degree of instrumentalisation, often driven by the interests of the major powers. Sanctions are applied selectively and characterised by double standards, disproportionately affecting the targeted states. They exacerbate economic and social vulnerabilities and help to perpetuate relationships of international domination. Despite their legality, their effectiveness and impartiality remain limited. The tension between legality and instrumentalisation highlights the complexity of this mechanism. It therefore appears necessary to strengthen the transparency and fairness of their application in order to reconcile international regulation with justice.

Keywords: Sanctions, international relations, power, manipulation, legality.

Received Date: June 19, 2026

Accepted Date: July 10, 2026

Published Date: August 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/941