International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies

Marburg Virus Outbreak: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Transmission, and Outcomes

Mohammad Saad Altoref et al. — 2025-12-01

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a severe, often fatal hemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus with significant epidemic potential. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on MVD outbreaks, focusing on epidemiology, clinical features, transmission dynamics, and patient outcomes. The virus originates from Egyptian fruit bat reservoirs (Rousettus aegyptiacus), with spillover events typically occurring through exposure to bat-inhabited environments. Human-to-human transmission follows via direct contact with infected bodily fluids, leading to outbreaks characterized by rapid spread, high mortality (case fatality rates: 24-90%, average ~83%), and frequent nosocomial amplification. Clinical presentation progresses from non-specific febrile illness to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and potentially fatal hemorrhagic manifestations. Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and antigen-detection tests, while management remains primarily supportive. Recent outbreaks in Ghana (2022), Equatorial Guinea, and Tanzania (2023) underscore the expanding geographic threat. Effective outbreak control depends on rapid case identification, strict infection prevention, contact tracing, safe burials, and community engagement. Despite promising vaccine and therapeutic candidates in development, MVD continues to present substantial global health challenges, necessitating enhanced surveillance, international collaboration, and investment in countermeasures.

Received Date: October 20, 2024

Accepted Date: November 11, 2025

Published Date: December 01, 2025

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/512

Development of a predictive model for breast cancer based on risk factors, a significant advance in improving early detection of the disease

Dr. KITONDUA LUBANZADIO Richard et al. — 2025-12-01

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women, representing a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the lack of systematic screening exacerbates the difficulties in identifying high-risk patients at an early stage. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on machine learning, drawing on an analysis of breast cancer risk factors. The main objective is to facilitate early detection and improve patient care by proactively identifying those at increased risk of developing breast cancer.

The methodology of this study is based on the Team Data Science Process (TDSP), which organises and optimises the various stages of predictive model development, from data collection to results evaluation. Clinical data and variables related to family history, health behaviours, and physiological characteristics were incorporated into the model. Machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used to build the model, offering 97% accuracy in predicting breast cancer risk.

This model was then deployed in a production environment with an intuitive user interface, allowing physicians to easily analyse the results. The results showed that integrating such a tool could significantly improve early detection capabilities in settings where screening resources are limited, while reducing treatment costs associated with late diagnoses.

The findings of this article pave the way for the implementation of a national screening programme based on predictive tools, thereby helping to reduce healthcare disparities and improve the prognosis for at-risk patients. Future improvements to the model could focus on integrating new biomedical data and adjusting models for more diverse clinical settings.

Keywords: model, cancer, early, factors, detection, disease, predictive, breast, significant.

Received Date: October 20, 2024

Accepted Date: November 11, 2025

Published Date: December 01, 2025

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/514

Probiotic Use in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Comprehensive Review

Wejdan Yousef Alkhamis et al. — 2025-12-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder linked to gut-brain axis dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms with health benefits, have emerged as a prominent therapeutic strategy targeting this microbial imbalance. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms, clinical efficacy, practical application, and future directions of probiotic therapy for IBS.A narrative synthesis of key meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials was conducted, with a focus on strain-specific effects and clinical guidelines. The pathophysiology of IBS involves visceral hypersensitivity, altered motility, low-grade inflammation, and dysbiosis. Probiotics are proposed to ameliorate symptoms by modulating the microbiota, enhancing epithelial barrier function, regulating immune responses, and influencing the gut-brain axis. Meta-analyses indicate a modest but significant benefit for probiotics over placebo in improving global IBS symptoms (RR 1.53) and reducing abdominal pain (RR 1.79), though the certainty of evidence is often low due to significant heterogeneity. Efficacy is strain-specific, with particular evidence for Bifidobacterium infantis 35624, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745. The most consistent improvements are seen in bloating and abdominal pain. Probiotics are generally safe for immunocompetent individuals and are positioned as a second-line or adjunctive therapy within a holistic management plan. Probiotic therapy represents a rational and moderately effective intervention for IBS, primarily for global symptom relief, pain, and bloating. Success depends on selecting strains with documented clinical evidence. Future research should focus on personalized approaches, long-term outcomes, and the development of symbiotic and postbiotics to better define and optimize the role of microbial therapeutics in IBS management.

Keywords: Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Probiotics; Dysbiosis; Gut-Brain Axis; Bifidobacterium; Lactobacillus; Microbiome.

Received Date: October 20, 2024

Accepted Date: November 11, 2025

Published Date: December 01, 2025

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/518