International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies

Dynamics and challenges of public procurement reform in Morocco: Current status and prospects for improvement

EL Rhdoussi Mustapha, Fatima Zohra Alaoui Sossi — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Public procurement in Morocco has been the subject of several legal texts that have continuously evolved over time. Dating back to 1907, it has been regularly adapted through reforms in 1965, 1976, 1998, 2007, 2013, and 2023. This represents a legal framework that is constantly being built and progressively adapted. Under the pressure of economic efficiency, recent reforms aim to optimize the use of public funds, reduce costs, and improve the quality of services for citizens, with the objectives of strengthening competition, simplifying procedures, and reducing delays. This research demonstrates that, although the 2023 reforms have brought significant advancements, they constitute only one step in a continuous improvement process. Additional efforts are needed to consolidate these achievements and address new challenges.

However, on the ground, public procurement professionals often face a dilemma: how to comply with a strict and complex regulatory framework while ensuring the economic performance and agility of their organizations? The excessive rigidity of these rules can hinder their ability to innovate and adapt to new challenges. The complexity of the regulatory framework pushes buyers to prioritize a legal approach over a strategic vision, thus limiting their room for maneuver and hindering the optimization of procurement. They also encounter difficulties in mastering contractual clauses, which can lead to legal uncertainties and disputes. Furthermore, the current regulations offer little flexibility to integrate recent concepts such as negotiation, innovation, and creativity into procurement procedures. The evaluation of bids is often constrained by a rigid framework, which limits the ability of public buyers to value qualitative criteria such as innovation or corporate social responsibility. Our exploratory contribution proposes practical ways to improve the performance of the procurement function, particularly in terms of cost reduction, risk management, and the capture of innovation.

Keywords: Economic performance, organizational agility, rigidity, capacity to innovate, legal approach, strategic vision, procurement optimization, innovation, social responsibility, modernization, rationalization, strengthening transparency.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/440

Strengthening the judicial system through digital transformation

Rania Laamrani El Idrissi, Samira BENBOUBKER — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The digital transformation of the judicial sector represents a major global shift aimed at modernizing procedures, improving accessibility, and enhancing transparency.

In Morocco, recent legislative reforms have introduced various digital tools into the judicial system, making justice more accessible and accelerating judicial processes. This article examines the key legislative provisions adopted, relevant case law, and the associated challenges and benefits of digitizing Morocco’s judiciary. The objective is to highlight how these changes are reshaping judicial administration and influencing court decisions.

Keywords: Digitalization, public administration, legal framework, judicial sector, Moroccan law.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/453

Tax Risk Management: A Lever to Reduce the Fiscal Gap

Hassan KHALOUKI , Sanae BENZINEB — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In an increasingly complex global economic context, each country continuously adjusts its tax system to maintain fiscal stability in relation to the observed tax gap. Achieving this goal requires strengthening tax compliance and implementing effective tax risk management. This paper examines how the tax risk management strategies adopted by tax administrations contribute to narrowing the tax gap, thereby enhancing compliance with fiscal obligations and optimizing public revenue. The research relies on a qualitative approach that includes semi-structured interviews with administrators and auditors from the Regional Directorate of Taxes (Direction Régionale des Impôts, DRI) of Fès, as well as an analysis of secondary data. The findings reveal that a proactive and integrated approach to risk management not only improves taxpayer compliance but also significantly enhances the performance of tax administrations. The results further underscore the importance of adopting advanced risk management frameworks, leveraging technological tools, and fostering cooperation among various stakeholders to achieve optimal outcomes in tax governance.

Keywords: tax gap, tax risk management, tax compliance, tax administration, strategies, tax revenue.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/454

Between sport and war: exploration of military terminology in the Moroccan and French sports press

El Mehdi Zerrad, Hassan BOUJGHAGH — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the use of military terms in sports journalism in France and Morocco, examining their impact on sports storytelling. Focusing on articles from 2021 to the present, it aims to decipher the cultural and social implications of these terms in football. The use of words like "battle," "offensive,"... shows how sports are sometimes perceived thru the prism of war, thereby questioning the motivations and perceptions of readers.

Keywords: sports press, war metaphors, sports discourse, reception, ethos

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/455

The role of pedagogical differentiation in reducing emotional disturbances and its effects on the learning of students in inclusive primary classes

Younes BOUSMAHA , Lahsen SEDDIK , M’barek BOUAALI — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explored the impact of adopting pedagogical differentiation on the reduction of emotional disorders among primary school students with disabilities, focusing specifically on anxiety, depressive symptoms, and behavioral difficulties. The findings revealed a significant decrease in these symptoms after the implementation of differentiated strategies, confirming the initial hypotheses. The results suggest that inclusive practices, through instructional adaptation and the removal of learning barriers, create a supportive and safe environment where students feel valued and engaged. This emotional improvement enhanced self-regulation, reduced distress, and promoted more positive classroom behaviors. These outcomes are consistent with existing literature, including the works of Florian and Black-Hawkins (2011), Merrell and Gueldner (2020), and Meirieu (2018), which emphasize the positive effects of pedagogical differentiation on emotional well-being and academic engagement. The study highlights the importance of teacher training, the provision of adapted pedagogical resources, and the integration of differentiation into educational policies to ensure equity and sustainability. Although limited by sample size and duration of intervention, the study provides promising insights for future research and practice.

Keywords : Pedagogical differentiation, inclusive education, emotional disorders, students with disabilities, primary education.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/457

Drone Photogrammetry and AI for Monitoring Paved Roads Distresses in Cameroon — A Case Study of Elig-Effa-Melen-EMIA Road Section in Yaoundé

MEKANDA YAKAN Eugène Salomon , LIMALEBA Roger Blaise , BIKIE Gerald Anicet — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents an innovative approach for automated pavement degradation monitoring in Cameroon, specifically focusing on the city of Yaoundé. We integrate drone photogrammetry for high-resolution images with artificial intelligence, leveraging a YOLOv11 model for precise detection and segmentation of various road surface degradations. A comprehensive Python workflow was developed to automate the entire processing chain, from orthomosaic tiling and AI model inference to georeferencing predictions and generating GIS-ready layers. The methodology was applied to a 2.5 km road section (Elig-Effa–Melen– Carrefour EMIA) in Yaoundé. The trained model achieved a F1-score of 77% with a precision of 86% and recall of 70% for the detection and F1-score of 81% with a precision of 86% and recall of 78% for the segmentation. The automated workflow processed the road section in 5 minutes 47 seconds, detecting 438 instances of degradation with a total affected surface area of 662.96 m², demonstrating significant time savings compared to days or weeks required for manual inspection. The generated degradation maps and an interactive dashboard provide objective, actionable insights for road managers, enabling proactive maintenance planning and optimized resource allocation. While acknowledging limitations such as the need for further validation with field surveys and the current focus on 2D surface data, this research highlights the scalability and cost-effectiveness of the proposed solution. It offers a promising pathway toward intelligent and efficient road network management in developing countries, by providing timely and accurate data to support data-driven maintenance strategies.

Keywords: Photogrammetry, Drone, Artificial Intelligence, Paved Roads, Degradations, YOLOv11.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/458

Ethics Unbound: Islam and the Philosophy of Taha Abdurrahman

Tarik ElFalih — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The paper rigorously analyses the notion of Islamic modernity as defined by the Moroccan philosopher Taha Abdurrahman, highlighting his distinctive synthesis of intellectual liberty, spiritual profundity, and moral rejuvenation. Abdurrahman's framework is articulated as a persuasive counter-narrative to dominant Western-centric and secular paradigms of modernity, establishing its alternative foundation in Islamic metaphysics and moral philosophy (Abdurrahman, 2006).Utilising postcolonial theory, Sufi philosophical traditions, and the debate on various modernities (Eisenstadt, 2000; Appadurai, 1996; Said, 1979), this paper situates Abdurrahman's approach within a wider context of global intellectual difficulties. It contends that his technique offers Muslim communities in the Global South and the diaspora a substantial framework to address matters of cultural authenticity, dignity, and identity in the modern context.

Keywords: Modernity, Spirit, Location, Majority, Universality, Critique.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/459

Democratic practices in Mali: between cultural resistance and conceptual ambivalence

Ambogou Paul OULA — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

After thirty years of democratic practices, Mali currently finds itself at a crossroads after having been the victim of three coups d'état. So, to analyze this thorny issue, we start from the observation that either the Malian democracy so praised by the world was chronically suffering from a malaise, or that the imported and imposed democratic model in Mali was not in line with its cultural values. This article attempts to address these various concerns through a critical and contextual approach.

Keywords: democracy, culture, politics, governance.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/461

Entrepreneurship and innovation as levers for economic growth in Morocco

Zakaria Aymane, Zamouri Leila — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth are key elements of Morocco's economic development. The country has implemented several strategies to encourage innovation, promote entrepreneurship, and support entrepreneurs across various sectors, which contributes to its economic growth. In recent years, Morocco has undergone a significant transformation in its economic landscape, with increased focus on technological innovation. The Moroccan government has launched initiatives such as the “Morocco Digital Plan” and the “Industrial Acceleration Plan”, aiming to strengthen innovation capacities and attract foreign investment. These plans seek to diversify the Moroccan economy, traditionally focused on agriculture and the textile industry, by integrating emerging sectors such as information and communication technologies (ICT) and renewable energy. Entrepreneurship is also booming in Morocco, with a notable increase in the number of startups and SMEs. These businesses play a crucial role in job creation, representing about 90% of the country’s enterprises. Young Moroccan entrepreneurs benefit from incubation and acceleration programs that provide them with access to funding, training, and professional networks. Initiatives such as the “Startup Act” aim to facilitate business creation by simplifying administrative procedures and offering tax incentives. However, several challenges remain. Access to financing is still a major obstacle for many entrepreneurs, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds. In addition, insufficient infrastructure in certain regions can hinder economic development. Bureaucratic complexities and a lack of coordination among different economic actors also pose barriers to innovation. To overcome these challenges, it is essential for Morocco to continue fostering an entrepreneurial culture and improving its regulatory framework. Support for scientific research is also crucial to encourage sustainable innovation. By integrating research more effectively into economic strategies, Morocco can not only boost its economic growth but also strengthen its position on the international stage.

Keywords: Innovation; entrepreneurship; economic growth; sustainable development.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/462

Tourism: Economic Assessment and Socioeconomic Development Perspectives in the Context of Peace Agreements in Mali

Ambogou Paul OULA, Maimouna TOURE, Kadiatou MALLE, Boukary KASSOGUE, Issa SACKO — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article aims to first analyze the fluctuation of the Malian tourism industry before and after the 2012 political crisis to understand the real economic, social, and political impact of tourism growth and recession. We analyze the series of impacts of crises on tourism development and its prospects in the socioeconomic and security context with the various agreements signed by the government (Tamanrasset on January 6, 1991, the National Pact on April 11, 1992, Algiers on July 4, 2006, Ouagadougou 2013, and Algiers 2015, whose signing took place in Bamako on May 15 in the absence of the Coordination of Azawad Movements after it was hastily initialed the day before and signed on June 20, 2015). To achieve this, we collected data from the database of the statistical cell of OMATHO from 1995 to 2015. Regarding the processing, we used the TABLO model of input-output accounts from the Eviews 10 software in section 5.3, followed by microeconomic analyses. The analysis reveals that Mali has been experiencing war tourism from March 2012 to the present, characterized by an increase in tourist arrivals and a decrease in foreign currency inflow. The TABLO model shows in section 5.3 that the percentage of tourism exports in Mali is a Gaussian function and the Brownian motion of density and variation is the same for all frequencies of total tourism exports from 1995 to 2015. Secondly, this article examines the impact of the crisis on the economic growth of the tourism industry and the development of tourist areas in Mali. Specifically, it involves a comparative analysis of the tourism situation in terms of jobs and investments before, during, and after the crisis. Secondly, it involves an analysis of the tourism situation in Mali in terms of tourist arrivals and revenues before, during, and after the crisis. Thirdly, it involves determining the number of tourism establishments in Mali after the crisis. To achieve these objectives, we structure the article first on the evolution of the tourism sector in Mali in the first part and second on the future prospects of the series of agreements if they were to come to fruition.

Keywords: Tourism, socioeconomic, Peace, security.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/463

Analysis of Mali's Economic Policy

DIAWARA Daman-Guilé , BALLO Amidou — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis of Mali's economic policy since its independence in 1960 highlights a complex evolution marked by strategic choices, reforms, and crises. The country has experienced several phases, ranging from a socialist model to liberal reforms, followed by a transition to a market economy. Hence, the present study: Analysis of Mali's Economic Policy. Economic policy plays a crucial role in a country's development by stimulating economic growth, reducing poverty and inequalities, and ensuring economic stability. It also promotes sustainable development, strengthens infrastructure, attracts foreign investments, and enhances the competitiveness of local businesses. By integrating social and environmental considerations, it contributes to stronger social cohesion. Mali recorded an average growth of 3.5% between 2015 and 2022, with a strong dependence on gold, which represents 70% of its exports. The unemployment rate is around 7% of the active population, with a majority working in the informal sector, often without social protection. The structural reforms of the 1980s and 1990s allowed for partial liberalization, increasing the production of crops such as cotton. However, these changes have also exacerbated economic inequalities. Agriculture, accounting for 30% of GDP, remains vulnerable to climate and infrastructure challenges, although cotton production reached 800,000 tons in 2021. Corruption, with an index of 33/100 in 2021, constitutes a major obstacle to the effectiveness of economic policies. Political instability, notably the coup d'état in 2012, has had devastating economic consequences, increasing poverty and affecting key sectors. Mali must move towards sustainable development initiatives, particularly in renewable energy, with 200 MW of installed solar energy. Strengthening governance is crucial to improving transparency and accountability, involving local actors and civil society more actively.In summary, while Mali has made progress in some areas, it must overcome significant challenges to ensure inclusive and sustainable economic development. An integrated approach focused on sustainability and good governance will be essential to build a stable and prosperous economic future.

Keywords : "Economic Policy, Crises, Unemployment; Population ; Dependence; Instability.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/464

Towards the Expansion of Energy Transition in Mali: Issues, Challenges, and Perspectives

Amidou BALLO , Daman-Guilé DIAWARA — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the dynamics and challenges of the energy transition in Mali, a country endowed with significant potential in renewable energy (solar, hydro, biomass). Access to reliable and sustainable energy remains a major issue for a large part of the population.

The methodology relies on an economic and descriptive statistical analysis of data collected between 2010 and 2023. Sources include reports from the World Bank, the IEA, the Malian Ministry of Energy, as well as a critical review of energy policies. The study focuses on investments, installed capacities, electrification rates, and regional interconnection projects.

The results reveal a significant expansion of renewable energy infrastructures between 2010 and 2023. The installed capacity of photovoltaic solar energy increased by 1,900%, while hydro capacity progressed by 180%, notably due to the Gouina dam. Energy storage capacities and hybrid power plants also experienced notable growth, with respective increases of 300% and 400%. This diversification of the energy mix has led to a 400% reduction in CO2 emissions related to electricity over the same period. However, major challenges persist. The national electrification rate, which rose from 32.5% to 50.6%, masks marked territorial inequalities (78% in urban areas compared to 18% in rural areas). Financial constraints, a lack of transportation and storage infrastructure remain significant barriers, as well as the need for increased geostrategic cooperation. To overcome these obstacles, we propose several solutions: strengthening research and public policies to attract private investments; developing new renewable energy power plants and hybrid systems; modernizing transportation networks using innovative technologies; and consolidating regional cooperation through the interconnection of electrical networks. This research underscores that the energy transition in Mali is both an opportunity for sustainable development and a challenge that requires an integrated approach to ensure socio-economic prosperity and climate resilience.

Keywords: energy transition, renewable energy, access, climate resilience, energy policies.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/465

Conceptual and Structural Analysis of the Supply Chain in the Aromatic and Medicinal Plants (AMP) Sector in Northern Morocco

Kaoutar Chbani, Boutaina Benjelloun, Jaouad Bouarfa — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aromatic and medicinal plant (AMP) sector in northern Morocco is characterised by a wide variety of products and complex logistical challenges related to seasonality, climatic conditions and regulatory requirements. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the conceptual foundations and organisational structures of the supply chain in this strategic sector. Drawing on classical and contemporary theories of supply chain management, the study highlights the interactions between physical, informational and financial flows, as well as their influence on the overall performance of companies. It also presents the different types of logistics structures — linear, dyadic, divergent, convergent and networked — and discusses their practical implications in the Moroccan context. The aim is to propose an analytical framework for optimising coordination between stakeholders, strengthening competitiveness and promoting sustainable and integrated management of local logistics chains.

Keywords : Supply chain – Supply chain management – Aromatic and medicinal plants – Logistics structure – Sustainability – Morocco – Integrated management.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/474

Hofstede's cultural dimensions and public communication in Morocco: between identity heritage and institutional modernity

Arbaoui Faiçal — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Globalisation and digitalisation have had a profound impact on public discourse and modern communication within contemporary institutions. In Morocco, these developments have resulted in an ongoing attempt to reconcile the tensions inherited from deeply rooted cultures with the contemporary demands of institutionalisation, namely efficiency and transparency. Based on Hofstede's intercultural model and the work of Bourdieu, Giddens, Morin, and Habermas, this article takes a systemic approach to culture and communicational interactions in public organisations in Morocco. Drawing on an analysis of national administrative culture and theories of structuration and communicational rationality, the author shows the impact of societal values, hierarchical distance, collectivism, and cohesion on inter-state relations and public institutions. Far from being reduced to the circulation of information, public communication, in its modern function, is articulated around a field of tension and power relations where modernity, tradition, and the space for co-civism are negotiated.

Keywords : Hofstede's cultural dimensions and public communication in Morocco: between identity heritage and institutional modernity.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/477

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Revealed by Severe Pancytopenia: A Case Study

Ezzoubi Nada, Azzaoui Siham, Echcharii Nadia, Dini Nouzha — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a rare but significant cause of anaemia associated with neurological manifestations in children. We report the case of a 16-month-old infant presenting with profound pancytopenia and psychomotor regression, who was diagnosed with severe vitamin B12 deficiency. This case highlights the importance of measuring vitamin B12 levels in children with anaemia associated with neurological signs.

Keywords: Vitamin B12, pancytopenia, infant, megaloblastic anaemia, nutritional deficiency.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/479

Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Vocational Training and Entrepreneurship in Africa

DIAWARA Daman-Guilé, BALLO Amidou — Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa is significant and multidimensional. AI is transforming teaching and learning methods, allowing for the personalisation of training according to the individual needs of learners. AI-based tools also facilitate access to quality educational resources, particularly in remote areas. From where the issue addressed: Impact of artificial intelligence on vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa. In the field of entrepreneurship, the adoption of AI offers start-ups opportunities to improve operational efficiency, optimise decision-making processes, and respond more quickly to market needs. Entrepreneurs who integrate AI solutions into their business models can access new data sources , enabling them to identify trends and anticipate consumer demands. However, challenges remain, including limited access to technology and digital infrastructure, as well as the need for tailored training to develop the skills necessary for using AI. To maximise the positive impact of AI, it is crucial to encourage collaborative initiatives between the educational, entrepreneurial, and technological sectors. In conclusion, AI has the potential to transform vocational training and entrepreneurship in Africa, but a concerted approach is needed to overcome obstacles and fully leverage these opportunities.

Keywords: Training, Entrepreneurship, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Africa, Digital Skills, Startups.

Received Date: August 21, 2025

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/480