Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in the Democratic Republic of Congo (2013–2025): Epidemiological Review, Risk Factors, and Implications for Aquatic Animal Health

Abstract

Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), caused by Aphanomyces invadans, is an emerging aquatic fungal disease responsible for high mortalities among freshwater fish. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the first confirmed cases were reported in 2013 in farmed Clarias species from Kasangulu (Kongo Central Province). This study synthesizes national data from 2013 to 2025, mapping confirmed outbreaks and identifying key risk factors such as floods, seasonal fish movements, and migratory birds. Findings emphasize the urgent need to strengthen diagnostic capacity, establish structured epidemiological surveillance, and enhance awareness among fish farmers and veterinary authorities to prevent further disease spread.

Keywords: Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome; Aphanomyces invadans; Democratic Republic of Congo; Aquatic Animal Health; Surveillance; Fish Diseases

Received Date: August 21, 2025              

Accepted Date: September 13, 2025            

Published Date: October 01, 2025

Available Online at https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/496