International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies

Integrating Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and the VB-MAPP in the inclusive education of pupils with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory qualitative study in a resource centre for assessment and support

Ismahane ABAKARIM, Amina YAAKOUBI — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores how the integration of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and the VB-MAPP (Verbal Behaviour Milestones Assessment and Placement Programme) helps to support the educational inclusion of pupils with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Resource Centres for Qualification and Support (SRQS) in Morocco. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilising semi-structured interviews with four SRQS managers in the province of Tiznit. The interviews were transcribed and then analysed in NVivo, combining lexical analysis (frequencies, word clouds) with thematic analysis, adopting an inductive and constructivist epistemological approach. The results show that the VB-MAPP is primarily used as a decision-making tool (profiling, identifying barriers and prioritising 2–3 functional objectives), whilst ABA operationalises the intervention through structured teaching procedures (reinforcement, guidance/fading, prevention, teaching alternatives) and monitoring using simple indicators. Transition to mainstream classes appears to be the central mechanism linking SRQS and inclusion, subject to organisational conditions (coordination, resources, training/supervision, school culture). The conclusions highlight the value of a decision → action → transfer chain and propose practical implications for standardising monitoring and ensuring continuity between SRQS, the classroom and the family.

Lexical parameters (NVivo): stopwords were excluded; a minimum length of 3 characters was applied; spelling variants were grouped together (e.g. ‘VB‑MAPP’, ‘VBMAPP’); relevant compound words were retained where possible. Finally, the colours in the word cloud have no analytical value in themselves: they serve solely to improve visual readability.

Keywords: ABA; VB-MAPP; ASD; inclusive education; SRQS.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/964

Assessment of material and technological resources for the teaching and learning of programming languages on the first-year computer science degree programme in Lubumbashi

MANDELA NSENGIYUMBA David — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the material and technological resources deployed for the teaching and learning of programming in the first-year computer science degree programme in Lubumbashi. The methodology is based on a survey and a literature review involving a sample of 514 students (representing 36.53 per cent of the enrolled population) and 12 lecturers across 10 institutions. Data analysis was carried out using Excel and R software. The results highlight structural shortcomings regarding computer laboratories and access to the internet. In conclusion, the lack of suitable equipment and limited access to the network prevent students from using Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) with ease. This infrastructural shortfall results in inadequate training, which limits self-directed learning and the competitiveness of future IT professionals.

Keywords: Computer Science Pedagogy, Programming Language, Technological Resources, Lubumbashi, Integrated Development Environment.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/976

The adoption of artificial intelligence in internal audit: determinants, uses and challenges – a systematic review of the literature based on Prisma

Nadia TOUTOUH, Houda BENARBI — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The integration of artificial intelligence into internal audit is progressing rapidly, driven by developments in machine learning, predictive analytics, natural language processing and, more recently, generative artificial intelligence. This study aims to systematically analyse the determinants of AI adoption in internal audit; its main uses and the challenges associated with its integration. A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, covering the period 2015–2026. Following identification, deduplication, screening and eligibility assessment, 35 studies were selected for analysis. The results show that the adoption of AI depends primarily on technological maturity, data quality, auditors’ skills, organisational support, governance and trust in the systems. Its main applications relate to risk assessment, anomaly detection, task automation, continuous auditing, document analysis and decision support. The main challenges relate to governance, explainability, reliability, skills, human oversight and data protection. The review highlights the multidimensional nature of AI adoption and emphasises the importance of aligning technologies, human capabilities and governance mechanisms to ensure controlled integration within the internal audit function.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Internal audit; Technology adoption; Generative artificial intelligence; Systematic review.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/975

Psychological and social determinants associated with life satisfaction among patients with prostate cancer

Badr El Marjany, Yassine Annaki — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examined the associations between life satisfaction and both social support and emotional intelligence among patients with prostate cancer, and estimated the proportion of variance in life satisfaction associated with each variable. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was used with 100 patients with prostate cancer attending Hassan II University Hospital in Fez, Morocco. Life satisfaction was assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), together with measures of social support and emotional intelligence. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and separate simple linear regression models. Social support was positively associated with life satisfaction (r = .378, p < .001) and accounted for 14.3% of the variance in life satisfaction (R² = .143, F = 16.380, p < .001). Emotional intelligence was also positively associated with life satisfaction (r = .279, p = .005) and accounted for 7.8% of its variance (R² = .078, F = 8.259, p = .005). These findings suggest that social and emotional resources are associated with more favorable cognitive evaluations of life in this patient population; however, causal inferences cannot be drawn because of the cross-sectional design. The findings support the integration of psychosocial assessment into comprehensive prostate cancer care and highlight the need for multicenter longitudinal studies examining the independent contribution of these variables after adjustment for clinical and demographic factors.

Key words: emotional intelligence, life satisfaction, prostate cancer, social support.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/974

‘General accounting: a key asset in the financial management of public administrations in the DRC: the case of Bungulu Commune in the town of Beni’

KAMBALE KYAKAKALA Semy — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Democratic Republic of the Congo established its legal framework for public finances through Law ^No. 11/011 of 13 July 2011. Generally speaking, the crisis in public finances frequently observed in most public administrations and bodies in the DRC often raises questions about the accounting tools that would enable them to be managed rationally. Indeed, public services apply public accounting. Essentially, this is a cash-based accounting system focused solely on the management of revenue and expenditure. The findings of this study have shown that the accounting practices in the Bungulu Commune still contain many shortcomings and imperfections, as they do not enable the public accountant to gain a clear picture of the entity’s net position, nor to determine the net result at the end of the financial year. This is why this research seeks to propose a system of general accounting tailored to public administrations, to be maintained in the same way as private enterprises, as this is a guarantee and an indispensable basic tool for better, sustainable financial management.

Keywords: general accounting; public accounting; financial management; public administration.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/973

Physicochemical quality and metal contamination of boiled water consumed in the panda neighborhood of Likasi (Haut-Katanga), DRC

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: In mining regions, chemical contamination of water resources poses a significant public health issue. This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical quality and metal contamination of boiled water consumed in the Panda neighborhood of Likasi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted on 40 boiled water samples, distributed equally among four supply sources: three wells and the REGIDESO municipal network. Physicochemical parameters and concentrations of Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Pb were determined. Distributions were assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Differences between sources were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, supplemented where necessary by Dunn’s post hoc test with Bonferroni correction.

Results: The mean pH was 7.48 ± 0.43. Significant differences between sources were observed for Co (p = 0.013), Fe (p < 0.001), Mn (p = 0.030), Ca (p = 0.031), Mg (p = 0.004), Zn (p = 0.010), SO₄²⁻ (p = 0.027), and Cl⁻ (p = 0.001). Mean concentrations for Pb and Cd were 0.014 ± 0.007 mg/L and 0.014 ± 0.018 mg/L, respectively. Guideline values were exceeded in 57.5% of samples for Pb and 90.0% for Cd.

Conclusion: Despite generally satisfactory quality regarding several parameters, the high frequency of guideline exceedances for Pb and Cd is a major cause for concern. Enhanced monitoring and investigations into contamination sources are required.

Keywords: Boiled water; Boiling; Physicochemical quality, Heavy metals; Lead; Cadmium; Drinking water; Likasi; Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/972

Design of an embedded temperature control system for a portable medicine storage kit

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Our research focuses on the design of an embedded temperature control system for a portable medicine storage kit. The aim of this research is to develop an embedded computerised refrigeration and temperature control system capable of storing medicines requiring a specific ambient temperature in environments where a reliable electricity supply is not available, to create an embedded computer system capable of automatically regulating the temperature within a medicine storage kit for items such as vaccines, insulin and other medical products that must be stored at ambient temperature to prevent deterioration.

Temperature sensors, the cooling unit and the temperature controller will greatly assist in the realisation of this research, thanks to instant monitoring via the LCD screen on the kit, ensuring that the normal storage conditions for the product inside the kit are not exceeded. The advantage of this system is that it prevents shortages of certain medical products in areas without full electricity supply. Thanks to the Peltier module and the temperature sensor connected to a microcontroller, this system will enable automatic cooling and instantaneous control. The integration of C programming within the Arduino development environment, in conjunction with C#, will enable the microcontroller to be developed (coded).

Keywords: Embedded system, temperature control, portable kit, medicines.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/971

Ethnobotanical and phytochemical study of medicinal plants used to treat prostatitis in the south-banga area, ILEBO territory, Democratic Republic of Congo

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on medicinal plants traditionally used to treat prostatitis in the South Banga sector, Ilebo territory, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its objectives were to catalogue the plant species used in the traditional management of prostate conditions, to determine their ethnobotanical significance, to specify the parts used as well as the methods of preparation and administration of the remedies, and to assess their phytochemical profiles.

An ethnobotanical survey based on semi-structured interviews, direct observation and reasoned non-probabilistic sampling was conducted amongst 32 key informants from the six communities in the Sud-Banga sector. The data collected focused in particular on plant species, the parts used, methods of preparation, solvents and routes of administration. Nine medicinal species were identified: Rauvolfia vomitoria, Gardenia ternifolia, Citrus limon, Garcinia kola, Ananas comosus, Morinda morindoides, Senna occidentalis, Senna siamea and Psidium guajava. The Rubiaceae and Fabaceae families are among the best represented in the thesis’s floristic data.

The highest relative frequency of mention was observed for Gardenia ternifolia, Garcinia kola and Ananas comosus (15.63 per cent each), followed by Citrus limon (12.50 per cent). The informant consensus index was 0.758, indicating a relatively high level of consensus regarding the species used. Roots are the most frequently used part of the plant, whilst decoction and oral administration are the predominant method of preparation and route of administration, respectively.

Phytochemical screening revealed several groups of secondary metabolites, notably alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones and quinines, as well as other groups listed in the detailed table in the thesis. Alkaloids were detected most frequently in the summary of results. These observations demonstrate that the populations of the South Banga region possess a diverse body of ethnobotanical knowledge. However, the presence of secondary metabolites alone is not sufficient to establish the clinical efficacy of the plants against prostatitis. Further pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies are therefore required.

Keywords: ethnobotany, phytotherapy, prostatitis, medicinal plants, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, South Banga, Ilebo, DRC.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/970

Assessment of self-medication practices involving antibiotics among children under 5 years of age in the Likasi health zone (Democratic Republic of Congo): a cross-sectional study on the prevalence and socio-cultural and economic determinants

Kongo Kimfuzi Asser, Eloko Eya Mantagelo Gerard, Mukandu Basua Babintu Leyka — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Self-medication with antibiotics among children under five years of age poses a major threat to public health, contributing to the emergence of bacterial resistance and exposing children to the risks of adverse effects and treatment failure. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), this phenomenon is exacerbated by economic hardship, a weak healthcare system and the proliferation of the informal medicines market. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among children under five years of age and to identify the associated sociocultural and economic factors in the Likasi health zone.

Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 mothers or carers of children under five years of age, selected using a multi-stage probability cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered face-to-face and subsequently analysed using SPSS. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify associated factors.

Results: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was 61.7 per cent (n = 259). Amoxicillin (22.8 per cent) was the most commonly used drug, mainly to treat coughs, and syrup (65.2 per cent) was the predominant dosage form. The factors significantly associated were: low monthly income (ORa = 5.2; 95% CI: 3.0–9.1; p < 0.001), a university-level education (ORa = 2.8; p = 0.007), and a distance to the health centre of > 5 km (ORa = 1.9; p = 0.021). The mistaken belief in the universal effectiveness of antibiotics was also a major factor (80.0 per cent of self-medication among mothers holding this belief).

Conclusion: Self-medication with antibiotics is an alarming practice in Likasi, driven primarily by economic hardship and popular beliefs. Targeted interventions are urgently needed: strengthening pharmaceutical regulation, policies providing free paediatric care, community-based health education, and the expansion of universal health coverage.

Keywords: Self-medication, antibiotics, children under 5 years of age, sociocultural factors, economic factors, Likasi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, bacterial resistance.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/969

School-family collaboration and academic success: forms, practices and methods of parental involvement in the Ursuline Sisters’ schools in Tildonk, Goma

Joséphine NABAHOGWERHE HAMULI — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyses the collaboration between school and family in five schools run by the Ursuline Sisters of Tildonk in Goma and its association with certain indicators of academic progress. It adopts a quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach involving 361 parents and eight school leaders. The data were analysed using SPSS 27. The results show that 97.0 per cent of parents maintain contact with the school, mainly via the communication book (69.5 per cent). Discipline (66.8 per cent), academic performance (46.0 per cent) and school fees (37.1 per cent) are the main topics of discussion. Furthermore, 95.6 per cent of parents report monitoring their child’s schoolwork and 85.0 per cent are aware of their child’s results. Overall, 74.8 per cent demonstrate a moderate or high level of collaboration. Significant associations were found between certain collaborative practices and monitoring of schoolwork (p = 0.025; p = 0.021; p = 0.014). The academic results of 3,758 pupils indicate an overall success rate of 88 per cent. However, the lack of individual matching means it is not possible to establish a causal relationship between collaboration and academic success. The study highlights the importance of a structured school–family partnership.

Keywords: school–family collaboration; parental involvement; academic success; school communication; educational partnership.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/968

Organizational contingency and hotel quality management

Fathi Lamyae — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose. This study examines how organizational contingencies shape hotel quality-management modes in an emerging tourism destination. Rather than assuming that formal quality management is universally appropriate, the study asks whether hotel size, organizational affiliation, service scope, strategy, price positioning, clientele, competitive pressure, technology, and managerial style are associated with different degrees of quality formalization.

Design/methodology/approach. The study draws on a field survey of 24 hotels in Tangier, Morocco. A deductive, quantitative design is combined with exploratory fieldwork and analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), complemented by principal component analysis and multivariate grouping. The structural model was assessed using bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples. Measurement quality was examined through internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, KMO/Bartlett diagnostics, and exploratory component analysis.

Findings. The empirical model identifies a differentiated configuration of quality-management practices. Employee size (β = 0.182), accommodation capacity (β = 0.191), turnover (β = 0.129), organizational affiliation (β = 0.293), service scope (β = 0.092), strategy (β = 0.121), average price (β = 0.138), and target clientele (β = 0.100) are positively and significantly associated with quality formalization. Perceived competition (β = −0.008, p = .790) and technology (β = 0.057, p = .066) are not statistically significant direct predictors in the reported model, while managerial style shows a significant negative association (β = −0.136). Quality-management mode strongly predicts hotel typology (β = 0.737). Multivariate analysis distinguishes three configurations: formal, hybrid, and informal quality management.

Originality/value. The study contributes to contingency-based quality research by linking organizational context to differentiated quality-management modes in a North African hospitality setting. It also extends service-quality research beyond customer-perception models by examining the organizational architecture through which quality practices are formalized, coordinated, and enacted.

Keywords: hotel quality management; contingency theory; service quality; quality formalization; PLS-SEM; hospitality; organizational context; Morocco; Tangier; typology.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/967

Community participation in environmental protection projects in the Buhavu Chiefdom

BISIMWA MAPENDANO — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the level of community participation in environmental protection projects in the Buhavu Chiefdom. The overall objective is to determine the extent to which the community participates in environmental protection projects in the Buhavu Chiefdom. A sample of 384 respondents was selected using the LUNCH formula. The results of this study show that the level of community participation in environmental protection projects in the Buhavu Chiefdom during the identification phase remains very low at 17 per cent. It also appears that during the planning phase, the level of community participation in these projects remains very low, at 15 per cent. Nevertheless, even though this population does not participate in the identification and planning phases of these projects, its level of participation in the implementation of these projects is high at 69 per cent, as it is the beneficiary. However, when it comes to project evaluation, the level of participation by the population remains low at 12 per cent. In conclusion, this study shows that the level of community participation in environmental protection projects in this chiefdom remains low at 28 per cent.

Keywords: Participation, Population, Chiefdom, Projects and Environment.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/965

Noun and Adverb Incorporations in Blackfoot

Faris Rababa — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This squib investigates noun and adverb incorporation in Blackfoot, an Algonquian language spoken in Southern Alberta and Montana, within the broader context of the language’s polysynthetic morphosyntax. It first outlines relevant morphophonological and morphosyntactic properties of Blackfoot, including nominal inflection, agreement, animacy and transitivity marking, and the organization of the verbal complex. The analysis identifies two principal restrictions on noun incorporation: incorporation of nominal heads denoting body parts into the verbal stem, and noun – noun incorporation in abstract nominalization, where a deverbal nominal obligatorily incorporates a nominal head rather than a full noun phrase. The study then examines adverb–verb incorporation within a minimalist framework. Simple, complex, and split configurations are discussed, with particular attention to adverbs of manner, degree, and rate, the role of symmetric c-command, and movement to specifier positions. Complex cases show that degree and manner/rate adverbs may be separated by a durative aspect marker, requiring successive merger and movement operations. Overall, the squib clarifies how incorporation interacts with Blackfoot verbal structure, nominalization, aspect, and the syntax of adverbial modification.

Keywords: Blackfoot; polysynthesis; noun incorporation; adverb incorporation; morphosyntax; minimalist approach; nominalization.

Received Date: June 19, 2026

Accepted Date: July 10, 2026

Published Date: August 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/947

Moroccan Immigrants in France: Navigating the Challenges of Integration and Identity Struggles

Farah Boumouna — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper aims to analyse the experience of Moroccan migration to France in relation to identity, focusing on the social and cultural challenges faced by this group in their ongoing attempts to integrate into French society. The article also addresses the issue of the identity conflict experienced by this group, particularly between the need to preserve their original Islamic identity on the one hand, and the necessity of assimilating certain aspects of prevailing French values on the other, in order to avoid conflict and alienation from their new society, without overlooking the gap that arises between perceptions of original belonging and the requirements of integration into the French context, and the accompanying tensions regarding self-perception and self-redefinition.

The research will be based on a qualitative field study using semi-structured interviews to uncover the most significant personal experiences of Moroccan migrants in the context of identity conflict, by analysing their perceptions of the meanings of belonging and the reconstruction of the self within different social and cultural spaces. The study will thus focus on highlighting how Moroccan migrants reshape their identity through daily interaction with others within different host contexts.

Key words: migration, identity, integration, conflict.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/963

Optimising the prediction of malnutrition risk using semi-supervised learning: a case study of PCIMA data from Eastern Kasai (DRC)

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly in the province of Kasaï Oriental, where rates of acute and chronic malnutrition remain high. However, the limited availability of properly labelled data constitutes a significant obstacle to the development of high-performance predictive models to aid decision-making in the planning of nutritional interventions.

This study proposes a semi-supervised learning approach combining an unsupervised clustering algorithm (K-Means) and two supervised classifiers (Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbours) to improve the prediction of malnutrition risk. The data used were drawn from the Integrated Management of Acute Malnutrition (IMAM) programme, collected across the 19 health zones of Kasaï Oriental between 2020 and 2022.

The methodology comprises four stages: (i) data pre-processing and normalisation, (ii) clustering of observations using K-Means to generate pseudo-labels, (iii) supervised learning using SVM and KNN models, and (iv) weighted fusion of the predictions produced by the various algorithms. The model’s performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and the F1 score.

The results show that the proposed hybrid approach significantly improves predictive performance compared with individual models. Projections for the period 2023–2026 identify several health zones at high risk of a deterioration in the nutritional situation. This research thus demonstrates the relevance of semi-supervised learning for predictive modelling in contexts characterised by a scarcity of labelled data.

Keywords: Semi-supervised learning, Malnutrition, Machine learning, K-Means, SVM, KNN, PCIMA, DRC.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/962

Early childhood development in the Republic of Guinea: a qualitative analysis of existing opportunities based on the perceptions of institutional and implementing stakeholders

Niouma TOLNO, Oumar BARRY, Pascal KAMANO — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The positive benefits of the holistic development of children aged 0 to 8 are still not sufficiently understood or valued by families, communities and governments. Across the world, although many countries have the resources and potential, numerous children continue to suffer from neglect and various forms of violence. In Guinea, as in many other contexts, public policies designed to promote early childhood development are not always backed by budgetary resources commensurate with their stated ambitions. Political will is expressed more through official rhetoric than through concrete actions and commitments that are actually fulfilled. This limits the implementation of interventions and results in significant harm to children. Indeed, the aim of this research was to analyse, based on the perceptions of institutional and implementing stakeholders operating in Guinea, as well as policy and programme documents, the existing opportunities that could be harnessed to promote the harmonious development of children aged 0 to 8 in Guinea. Twenty-one participants from 18 institutions (state bodies, UN agencies, international NGOs and civil society organisations) took part in semi-structured interviews in Conakry between 21 November 2024 and 24 April 2025. These interviews revealed that the country is brimming with significant opportunities and that all that is needed is for early childhood to be made a national priority. The notable opportunities highlighted by these stakeholders include the existence of social services; the mobilisation of civil society and community groups; the large number of committed partners and stakeholders; the presence of the mass media to raise awareness, monitor, alert and educate families and children; the existence of mineral resources that are still undervalued; and the existence of a favourable political and framework. The presence of all these favourable factors provides significant leverage for a coordinated and effective multisectoral response in support of children aged 0 to 8.

Keywords: early childhood development, Guinea, opportunities, stakeholders, favourable.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/961

Didactic transformation of the general nursing techniques course in the first year at the institut supérieur des techniques médicales in Lubumbashi: a mixed-methods study of teaching practices and learning conditions

MBAYA KABONGO Bijoux, BOFIO BINA Guillaume, KAFINGA LUZOLO Emery — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The General Nursing Techniques (GNT) course forms an important foundation of nursing education, but its delivery must integrate knowledge, technical skills and professional attitudes. This study aimed to analyse the teaching methodology of the GNT course in the first year of the Bachelor’s degree programme at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques (ISTM) in Lubumbashi and to propose a suitable teaching framework.

Methods: A descriptive and analytical mixed-methods study was conducted involving 150 first-year students and 10 lecturers. Quantitative data were collected via a questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with lecturers and direct observation of 10 sessions, using a checklist focusing in particular on preparation, methods, teaching materials, student participation, practical activities and assessment.

Results: The majority of students (86.7 per cent) considered practical demonstrations to be important or very important. However, 49.3 per cent felt that varied teaching methods were rarely or never used, and 50 per cent considered the teaching materials to be unsatisfactory or inadequate. Students mainly cited an insufficient number of practical sessions (32.7 per cent) and a lack of teaching materials (25.3 per cent). Sixty-four per cent felt they had a good or very good level of skills acquisition. The use of a variety of teaching methods was associated with a significant difference in learning scores (F = 19.72; p < 0.001), as were the availability of teaching materials (F = 17.05; p < 0.001) and active participation (F = 21.13; p < 0.001). Age and gender were not significantly associated with the indicators studied. Among teachers, lectures were reported by all (100 per cent), compared with 20 per cent for case studies/simulations. Observation confirmed that demonstrations were carried out in 70 per cent of sessions, but that teaching sheets were used in only 30 per cent of sessions and formative assessment was observed in 30 per cent.

Conclusion: The results point to the need for integrated, student-centred teaching, supervised practice, methodological diversification, structured teaching materials and skills assessment.

Keywords: teaching methodology; General Nursing Techniques; nursing education; active learning; professional competences; ISTM Lubumbashi.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/960

Democratising the energy transition in Morocco: an analysis of the framework for decentralised self-generation through the lens of energy justice

Meriem SALHI, Mohamed Aissam KHATTABI — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Morocco’s Law No. 82-21 and its implementing decree create legal routes for electricity self-production, but formal eligibility does not establish effective access. This article combines a structured reading of the law, implementing rules and the electricity regulator’s published hosting-capacity data with a focused review of research on energy justice, rooftop solar adoption and collective energy. We examine four stylized applicants — a household, a farm, a cooperative and a small firm — through a sequence of legal eligibility, ability to complete a request, local network access and realized benefits. The regulatory route depends on capacity, voltage and connection conditions; potential savings also depend on consumption timing, financing and the applicable rules for surplus sales. Approved cumulative distribution hosting capacity rises from 691 MW in 2026 to 1,324 MW in 2030, but these planning values do not count connected projects or identify beneficiaries. The article specifies which claims follow from legal texts and public data and which require administrative records and household or project-level evidence. It offers a testable framework for assessing whether an opening in energy law becomes equitable participation.

Keywords: electricity self-production; Morocco; energy justice; hosting capacity; solar adoption; territorial governance.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/959

The influence of social media on children’s education: a narrative review of the literature on the roles of parents and teachers

SHUKURU LOSSA Daniel — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has profoundly transformed the ways in which children and adolescents communicate, learn and socialise. Social media now plays a significant role in their daily lives and has a considerable influence on their cognitive, social, emotional and academic development. This narrative review of the literature examines the positive and negative effects of social media on children’s education, whilst highlighting the complementary roles of parents and teachers in guiding its use. Drawing on Piaget’s theories of cognitive development, Vygotsky’s theory of sociocultural learning and Bandura’s theory of social learning, the study analyses the mechanisms through which social media influence the behaviours, learning and social interactions of young users. The findings from the literature indicate that social media can promote access to knowledge, the development of digital skills, creativity and collaborative learning. However, they also present significant risks such as distraction from schoolwork, cyberbullying, digital addiction, exposure to inappropriate content and mental health issues. The conclusions highlight the need for close collaboration between families and schools to promote responsible, critical and safe use of social media among children.

Keywords: social media; children’s digital education; parental roles; teachers’ responsibilities; cyberbullying; digital citizenship.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/958

Protecting the supplier against breach of the distribution contract

El Meniy Mohamed, Moulay Rachid El Adnani — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Distribution is essential in today’s economy, as it facilitates consumers’ access to a wide range of products. In fact, the primary function of distribution is to make a broad spectrum of goods available to consumers, whether directly from producers or through specialist distributors. Thanks to their sales expertise, these distributors are often crucial in helping producers connect effectively with the market. Nevertheless, this dynamic is not without risks, particularly for suppliers, who may find themselves in a delicate position if distributors fail to fulfil their obligations.

Within this general framework, it is crucial to consider the protection of suppliers against the breach of distribution contracts. Indeed, although the distribution contract formalises the agreement between the supplier and the distributor, the specific terms of this agreement are not always governed by clear legal provisions, particularly in the Moroccan context where the distribution contract does not feature in the official catalogue of contracts. This lack of codification creates a legal vacuum that requires protective mechanisms tailored to commercial relationships. The establishment and effective development of these relationships depend on ensuring a contractual balance that safeguards the interests of the commercial parties.

To this end, the supplier adopts protective measures against breach of contract and failures on the part of its distributor, which may damage the supplier’s brand reputation. It is also essential to ensure that distributors are able to fulfil their commitments, in order to maintain a healthy and sustainable commercial relationship.

The focus of this article is on analysing the means of protection available to the supplier in the event of a breach of contract by the distributor, by examining a range of protective mechanisms in favour of the manufacturer. In this sense, a distributor’s efficiency and loyalty to the supplier’s brand image constitute an intangible form of protection, much like a guarantee or retention-of-title clause for the benefit of the supplier or manufacturer.

Keywords: protection, contract, distribution, supplier, distributor.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/957

Effects of mining pressure on production costs and the profitability of family-run farms in Lualaba: a case study of the village of Muvunda near Kamoa mining

NSHEMBE CHISHUNGU Eric Nice — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyses the effects of mining pressure on production costs and the profitability of family farms in the village of Muvunda in Lualaba. A survey was conducted amongst 195 farming households and the data were analysed using R software. The results show that 42.6 per cent of households grow both food crops and market crops, whilst maize is the main food crop (69.7 per cent). The average maize yield is 2,379 kg/ha, compared with 8,662 kg/ha for cassava. Total production costs rise from 895,000 to 1,220,000 CDF/ha (USD 390 to 531) between farms with low and high exposure to mining pressure, representing an increase of 36.3 per cent. Profitability falls in parallel from 360.3 per cent to 195.9 per cent. The regression analysis confirms a significant negative effect of mining pressure on profitability (β = −0.284; p = 0.008). These results demonstrate that mining pressure constitutes a major economic constraint for family farming in Muvunda.

Keywords: Mining pressure; production costs; agricultural profitability; family farms; Lualaba.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/956

Factors contributing to nutritional Anemia in children aged 0 to 23 months in the Kananga health zone

Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Our study focused on ‘Factors contributing to nutritional anaemia in children aged 0 to 23 months in the Kananga health zone’.

The aim of our study was to describe the factors contributing to nutritional anaemia in children aged 0 to 23 months in the Kananga health zone. To achieve this, we pursued the following specific objectives:

To identify the factors contributing to nutritional anaemia in children aged 0 to 23 months;
To determine the most common types of anaemia among children aged 0 to 23 months;
To propose possible preventive measures to avoid anaemia.

We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus, using a survey method supported by face-to-face interviews as the data collection tool for a sample of 362 respondents.

Following analysis and interpretation of the data, we obtained the following results:

61 per cent of respondents were in the 25 to 34 age group;
76 per cent of respondents were married;
64 per cent of respondents were unemployed;
86 per cent of respondents were Catholic;
7 per cent of respondents were part of a household of between 4 and 7 people;
64 per cent of respondents had a monthly income of 60,000–100,000 Congolese francs;
07 per cent of respondents eat foufou with leaves and small fish at home;
8 per cent of respondents eat one meal a day at home;
73 per cent of respondents wean their children at 12 months;
22 per cent of respondents give their children maize porridge as a complementary food;
46 per cent of respondents feed their children once a day;
71 per cent of respondents have not given birth to low-birth-weight babies;
10 per cent of respondents have not had children suffering from anaemia;
58 per cent of respondents cited severe malaria as the cause of anaemia.

Following a bivariate analysis of our results, we found that the following factors influence a history of anaemia: exclusive breastfeeding; complementary feeding; the age at which the child was weaned; the foods consumed in households; household size; marital status; the mother’s age; and occupation.

In light of these results and to address the study’s research questions, we confirm the initial hypothesis that the socio-demographic factors: the mother’s age, marital status, socio-economic factors (household size, occupation) and socio-environmental factors (food intake, food quality) underlie nutritional anaemia in children aged 0 to 24 months in the Kananga health zone.

Keywords: Factors, Explanatory, Anaemia, Nutritional.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/955

A Progressive Visualisation-Based Learning Framework for Moroccan Pupils and Students: From Data Exploration to Interactive Instruction and Complex Data

Mohamed TIMMI, Abdallah TAIA, Ahmed BENAOUI — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Moroccan pupils and students face a double challenge: national and international assessments show low proficiency in mathematics, reading, and science, whereas mobile connectivity is almost universal. This article proposes a learning framework that uses visualisation to connect these two facts. The framework, called Explore–Interact–Extend (EIE), moves learners from open exploration of local data, through teacher-designed interactive visualisations, to complex multivariate, temporal, and projected data with explicit safeguards against misreading. We ground the design in published indicators, namely the 2025 cycle of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the 2023 cycle of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), national digital-access statistics, and the scale of the pioneer-school programme, and in 33 scholarly sources published between 2023 and 2026. A comparison with seven existing approaches shows that none of the works reviewed here combines open exploration, guided interaction, safeguards for complex data, offline use, and right-to-left support in one design. We describe a mobile-first, offline-capable, trilingual platform architecture and a cluster-randomised evaluation plan of about nine classes per arm. The framework has not yet been tested with learners; its value lies in a set of testable design rules for Moroccan classrooms and teacher-training centres.

Key words: complex data, data literacy, interactive visualisation, Moroccan education.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/954

Visibility of Côte d’Ivoire’s documentary heritage: a cartographic study of libraries and archives in the digital age

Mariam BERTE SEKONGO — Thu, 01 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A country’s documentary heritage – comprising books, periodicals, administrative documents and archives – can only fulfil its purpose if it is locatable, accessible and usable. As information-seeking practices now take place online, the digital visibility of the institutions holding this heritage has become a prerequisite for physical access to the collections. However, Côte d’Ivoire does not have an open and up-to-date national directory of its libraries, documentation centres and archives. The aim of this study is to identify the distribution of documentary institutions across Côte d’Ivoire in the digital age. The study was carried out using mixed-methods research, incorporating mapping. The quantitative component is based on an inventory compiled through web searches (Google and Google Scholar). The qualitative component consists of an inductive thematic analysis of a corpus. The results show that 72 entries were identified, of which 58 institutions were selected for analysis and 49 were geolocated. Twenty-one organisations are located in Abidjan; excluding those in the network of reading and cultural activity centres (CLACs), 70 per cent of the geolocated organisations are concentrated there. In summary, a digital directory of Ivorian documentary organisations is possible but incomplete. In fact, it provides a heterogeneous snapshot rather than a reliable directory.

Keywords: Information science; documentary heritage; mapping; digital visibility; Côte d’Ivoire.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/949